GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF NORTH CAROLINA

SESSION 2005

S                                                                                                                                                     2

SENATE BILL 856

Judiciary I Committee Substitute Adopted 5/31/05

 

 

 

Short Title:     Access to Public Trial Preparation Material.

(Public)

Sponsors:

 

Referred to:

 

March 23, 2005

A BILL TO BE ENTITLED

AN ACT regarding access to a public record that is also trial preparation material.

The General Assembly of North Carolina enacts:

SECTION 1.  Chapter 132 of the General Statutes is amended by adding a new section to read:

"§ 132-1.9.  Trial preparation materials.

(a)       Scope. - A request to inspect, examine, or copy a public record that is also trial preparation material is governed by this section, and, to the extent this section conflicts with any other provision of law, this section applies.

(b)       Right to Deny Access. - Except as otherwise provided in this section, a custodian may deny access to a public record that is also trial preparation material. If the denial is based on an assertion that the public record is trial preparation material that was prepared in anticipation of a legal proceeding that has not commenced, the custodian shall, upon request, provide a written justification for the assertion that the public record was prepared in anticipation of a legal proceeding.

(c)       Trial Preparation Material Prepared in Anticipation of a Legal Proceeding. - Any person who is denied access to a public record that is also claimed to be trial preparation material that was prepared in anticipation of a legal proceeding that has not yet been commenced may petition the court pursuant to G.S. 132-9 for determination as to whether the public record is trial preparation material that was prepared in anticipation of a legal proceeding.

(d)       During a Legal Proceeding. -

(1)       When a legal proceeding is subject to G.S. 1A-1, Rule 26(b)(3), or subject to Rule 26(b)(3) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, a party to the pending legal proceeding, including any appeals and postjudgment proceedings, who is denied access to a public record that is also claimed to be trial preparation material that pertains to the pending proceeding may seek access to such record only by motion made in the pending legal proceeding and pursuant to the procedural and substantive standards that apply to that proceeding. A party to the pending legal proceeding may not directly or indirectly commence a separate proceeding for release of such record pursuant to G.S. 132-9 in any other court or tribunal.

(2)       When a legal proceeding is not subject to G.S. 1A-1, Rule 26(b)(3), and not subject to Rule 26(b)(3) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, a party to the pending legal proceeding, including any appeals and postjudgment proceedings, who is denied access to a public record that is also claimed to be trial preparation material that pertains to the pending legal proceeding may petition the court pursuant to G.S. 132-9 for access to such record. In determining whether to require the custodian to provide access to all or any portion of the record, the court or other tribunal shall apply the provisions of G.S. 1A-1, Rule 26(b)(3).

(3)       Any person who is denied access to a public record that is also claimed to be trial preparation material and who is not a party to the pending legal proceeding to which such record pertains, and who is not acting in concert with or as an agent for any party to the pending legal proceeding, may petition the court pursuant to G.S. 132-9 for a determination as to whether the public record is trial preparation material.

(e)       Following a Legal Proceeding. - Upon the conclusion of a legal proceeding, including the completion of all appeals and postjudgment proceedings, or, in the case where no legal proceeding has been commenced, upon the expiration of all applicable statutes of limitations and periods of repose, the custodian of a public record that is also claimed to be trial preparation material shall permit the inspection, examination, or copying of such record if any law that is applicable so provides.

(f)        Effect of Disclosure. - Disclosure pursuant to this section of all or any portion of a public record that is also trial preparation material, whether voluntary or pursuant to an order issued by a court, or issued by an officer in an administrative or quasi-judicial legal proceeding, shall not constitute a waiver of the right to claim that any other document or record constitutes trial preparation material.

(g)       Trial Preparation Materials That are Not Public Records. - This section does not require disclosure, or authorize a court to require disclosure, of trial preparation material that is not also a public record or that is under other provisions of this Chapter exempted or protected from disclosure by law or by an order issued by a court, or by an officer in an administrative or quasi-judicial legal proceeding.

(h)       Definitions. - As used in this section, the following definitions apply:

(1)       Legal proceeding. - Civil proceedings in any federal or State court. Legal proceeding also includes any federal, State, or local government administrative or quasi-judicial proceeding that is not expressly subject to the provisions of Chapter 1A of the General Statutes or the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.

(2)       Trial preparation material. - Any record, wherever located and in whatever form, that is trial preparation material within the meaning of G.S. 1A-1, Rule 26(b)(3), any comparable material prepared for any other legal proceeding, and any comparable material exchanged pursuant to a joint defense, joint prosecution, or joint interest agreement in connection with any pending or anticipated legal proceeding."

SECTION 2.  G.S. 132-9 reads as rewritten:

"§ 132-9.  Access to records.

(c)       In any action brought pursuant to this section in which a party successfully compels the disclosure of public records, the court may, in its discretion, allow the prevailing party to recover reasonable attorneys' fees if:

(1)       The court finds that the agency acted without substantial justification in denying access to the public records; and

(2)       The court finds that there are no special circumstances that would make the award of attorneys' fees unjust.

Any attorneys' fees assessed against a public agency under this section shall be charged against the operating expenses of the agency; provided, however, that the court may order that all or any portion of any attorneys' fees so assessed be paid personally by any public employee or public official found by the court to have knowingly or intentionally committed, caused, permitted, suborned, or participated in a violation of this Article. No order against any public employee or public official shall issue in any case where the public employee or public official seeks the advice of an attorney and such advice is followed.

If a civil action is filed against a public board, council, commission, or other governmental body of the State, or a county, municipality or other political subdivision or unit of government to enforce the provisions of this Chapter, and if the court determines that such governmental body unlawfully refused to permit a public record to be inspected, examined, or copied, then the court shall assess against the governmental body responsible the reasonable costs of enforcement, including reasonable attorneys' fees.

(c1)     If a public board, council, commission, or other governmental body of the State, or a county, municipality or other political subdivision or unit of government appeals a court order requiring it to permit inspection, examination, or copying of public records pursuant to this Chapter and such order is affirmed, the appellate court shall assess against the governmental body the costs on appeal as well as reasonable attorneys' fees.

(d)       If the court determines that an action brought pursuant to this section was filed in bad faith or was frivolous, the court may, in its discretion,shall assess a reasonable attorney's fee against the person or persons instituting the action and award it to the public agency as part of the costs."

SECTION 3.  This act becomes effective October 1, 2005.